Condições de trabalho de enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde nas capitais da região sudeste do Brasil / Working conditions of primary health care nurses in the capitals of the southeastern of Brazil / Condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras de atención primaria de salud en las capitales de la región sureste de Brasil

Introdução: As condições de trabalho de enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde se relacionam a questões de ordem interpessoal, política, organizacional e de infraestrutura. Objetivo: analisar a categoria "condições de trabalho" oriunda da pesquisa "Práticas de Enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo nacional de métodos mistos", com foco nas capitais da região Sudeste do Brasil. Métodos: estudo qualitativo que analisou 108 entrevistas de enfermeiros residentes em Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Vitória, realizadas entre novembro de 2020 e setembro de 2021. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática, com apoio do software MAXQDA®. Resultados: os participantes eram majoritariamente do sexo feminino (88,0%), idade média de 42 anos, cor ou raça parda e tempo de atuação em atenção primária superior a 12 anos. Há uma diversidade temática quanto às condições de trabalho referidas por enfermeiros, destacando-se positivamente relacionamentos interpessoais. Infraestrutura das unidades de saúde e a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios foram referidos como dificultadores do trabalho na APS. Conclusão: Há uma diversidade de fatores que se relacionam com as condições de trabalho dos enfermeiros, sendo necessário intervenções sobre aquelas que trazem prejuízos, como o excesso de atribuições e infraestrutura das unidades de saúde. (AU)

Background: The working conditions of nurses working in Primary Health Care are related to interpersonal, political, organizational and infrastructure issues. Objective: to analyze the category "working conditions" from the research "Nursing Practices in Primary Health Care: a national study of mixed methods", focusing on the capitals of the Southeast region of Brazil. Methods: qualitative study that analyzed 108 interviews with nurses residing in Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Vitória, carried out between November 2020 and September 2021. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, with the support of the MAXQDA® software. Results: the participants were mostly female (88.0%), mean age of 42 years, brown color or race, and working in primary care for more than 12 years. There is a thematic diversity regarding the working conditions mentioned by nurses, with positive emphasis on interpersonal relationships. Infrastructure of the health units and the fragility of employment relationships were mentioned as obstacles to work in PHC. Conclusion: There are a variety of factors that are related to the working conditions of nurses, requiring interventions on those that bring harm, such as excess attributions and infrastructure of health units. (AU)

Introducción: Las condiciones de trabajo de los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud están relacionadas con cuestiones interpersonales, políticas, organizativas y de infraestructura. Objetivo: analizar la categoría "condiciones de trabajo" de la investigación "Prácticas de Enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud: un estudio nacional de métodos mixtos", con foco en las capitales de la región Sudeste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio cualitativo que analizó 108 entrevistas con enfermeros residentes en Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo y Vitória, realizadas entre noviembre de 2020 y septiembre de 2021. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis temático, con el apoyo del software MAXQDA®. Resultados: los participantes eran mayoritariamente del sexo femenino (88,0%), edad media de 42 años, color moreno o raza, y actuaban en la atención primaria hace más de 12 años. Hay diversidad temática en cuanto a las condiciones de trabajo mencionadas por los enfermeros, con énfasis positivo en las relaciones interpersonales. La infraestructura de las unidades de salud y la fragilidad de las relaciones laborales fueron mencionadas como obstáculos para el trabajo en la APS. Conclusión: Hay una variedad de factores que se relacionan con las condiciones de trabajo de los enfermeros, requiriendo intervenciones sobre aquellos que traen perjuicio, como el exceso de atribuciones e infraestructura de las unidades de salud. (AU)

Um olhar sobre a autonomia: percepções de enfermeiras sobre suas práticas na atenção primária / A look at autonomy: nurses' perceptions about their practices in primary care / Una mirada a la autonomía: percepciones de los enfermeros sobre sus prácticas en la atención primaria

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de enfermeiras sobre a autonomia no exercício de suas práticas no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que analisou 108 entrevistas realizadas com enfermeiras(os) das quatro capitais da região sudeste do Brasil. As entrevistas, guiadas por roteiro semiestruturado, foram gravadas e transcritas. Os dados produzidos foram tratados e explorados com auxílio do software NVIVO®. Resultados: A maior parte das participantes eram mulheres, brancas, residiam na mesma cidade onde trabalham, graduaramse em instituições privadas. Foram organizadas duas categorias: repercussões da autonomia e seus desdobramentos para a resolutividade das necessidades em saúde dos usuários; e (des)conhecimento sobre a regulamentação das práticas da enfermeira: desafios para a autonomia. Conclusão: As enfermeiras compreendem a importância da autonomia para suas práticas, mas enfrentam interferências no cotidiano do trabalho, tanto por parte da gestão, da estrutura dos serviços ou da necessidade do uso de protocolos que garantam o exercício de sua atividade profissional de modo autônomo. (AU)

Objective: To analyze nurses' perception of autonomy to exercise their practices in the context of primary health care. Methods: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach that analyzed 108 interviews carried out with nurses from the four capitals of the southeastern region of Brazil. The interviews, guided by a semi-structured script, were recorded and transcribed. The data produced were processed and explored with the help of the NVIVO® software. Results: Most of the participants were women, white, lived in the same city where they work, and graduated from private institutions. Two categories were organized: repercussions of autonomy and its consequences for solving users' health needs; and (lack of) knowledge about the regulation of nursing practices: challenges for autonomy. Conclusion: Nurses understand the importance of autonomy for their practices, but they face interference in their daily work, either by management, the structure of services or the need for protocols that guarantee the exercise of their professional activity. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de autonomía de los enfermeros para ejercer sus prácticas en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo que analizó 108 entrevistas realizadas con enfermeros de las cuatro capitales de la región sureste de Brasil. Las entrevistas, guiadas por un guión semiestructurado, fueron grabadas y transcritas. Los datos producidos fueron procesados y explorados con la ayuda del software NVIVO®. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres, de raza blanca, vivían en la misma ciudad donde trabajan y egresaron de instituciones privadas. Se organizaron dos categorías: repercusiones de la autonomía y sus consecuencias para la solución de las necesidades de salud de los usuarios; y (falta de) conocimiento sobre la regulación de las prácticas de enfermería: desafíos para la autonomía. Conclusión: Los enfermeros comprenden la importancia de la autonomía para sus prácticas, pero enfrentan interferencias en su trabajo diario, ya sea por parte de la dirección, la estructura de los servicios o la necesidad de protocolos que garanticen el ejercicio de su actividad profesional. (AU)

Effectiveness, durability and safety of dolutegravir and lamivudine versus bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide in a real-world cohort of HIV-infected adults.

OBJECTIVE: Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (2-DR) is suggested as an initial and switch option in HIV-1 treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness, durability, and safety of 2-DR compared to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (3-DR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an observational, ambispective study that included all treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), who started 2-DR or 3-DR between 01 July 2018, and 31 January 2022. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority, at 24 and 48 weeks, of 2-DR vs 3-DR regarding the percentage of PLWH with viral load (VL)<50 and 200 copies/mL in TN (12% margin) and VL≥50 and 200 copies/mL in TE (4% margin). Durability of response and safety were also measured. RESULTS: 292 PLWH were included (39 TN and 253 TE). In TN PLWH, non-inferiority was not achieved at 24 weeks (17; 95% CI -17 to 51 p = 0.348). By week 48, all PLWH on 3-DR maintained VL<50 copies/mL compared to 70% of PLWH on 2-DR although without reaching statistical significance (-33; 95% CI -60 to -10 p = 0.289). Non-inferiority was not achieved in TE PLWH either at 24 (0.4; 95% CI -9 to 10 p = 1) or at 48 weeks (4.5; 95% CI -0.5 to 9 p = 0.132). In TN, the risk of treatment discontinuation was similar between groups (HR: 0.31, p = 0.07); similar rates were also found in TE (HR: 1.3, p = 0.38). TE PLWH on 2-DR showed a better safety profile compared to 3-DR (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Our results did not show non-inferiority in terms of virological effectiveness. Additionally, durability and safety of 2-DR were confirmed to be similar to 3-DR.

Broad Scale Spatial Modelling of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature to Investigate Impact of Shade and Airflow on Heat Injury Risk and Labour Capacity in Warm to Hot Climates.

While shade and air flow are recognised factors that reduce outdoor heat exposure, the level of reduction in terms of labour capacity at varying air temperature and humidity levels is poorly understood. This study investigated cooling effects on the commonly used heat index, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and subsequent impact on labour capacity, for a range of air flow and shade conditions in warm to hot climates. We modelled heat exposure using a physics-based method to map WBGT for a case study region which experiences a range of heat categories with varying levels of health risks for outdoor workers. Continent-scale modelling confirmed significant spatial variability in the effect of various shade and wind speed scenarios across a range of real-world mid-summer daytime conditions. At high WBGTs, increasing shade or air flow for outdoor workers lowered heat exposure and increases labour capacity, with shade giving the greatest benefit, but cooling varied considerably depending upon underlying air temperature and humidity. Shade had the greater cooling effect; reducing incident radiation by 90% decreased WBGT by 2-6 °C depending on location. Wind had a lower cooling effect in the hottest regions, with a decreasing exponential relationship between wind speed and WBGT observed.

Vínculo e acolhimento na atenção primária à saúde: potencialidades e desafios para o cuidado / Bonding and user embracement in primary health care: potentialities and challenges for care / Vinculación y acogimiento en la atención primaria de salud: potencialidades y desafíos para el cuidado

O objeto deste estudo é a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o vínculo e o acolhimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde. O objetivo é analisar as potencialidades e os limites dessas ferramentas para efetivação do princípio da integralidade no cuidado em saúde. Trata-se de estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que analisou 251 entrevistas realizadas com enfermeiras(os) atuantes no Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. As entrevistas, guiadas por roteiro semiestruturado, foram gravadas e transcritas. Os dados produzidos foram tratados e explorados com auxílio do software MaxQda. A maior parte das participantes eram mulheres, brancas, residiam na mesma cidade de trabalho, graduaram-se em instituições privadas e tinham especialização na área. Os resultados foram organizados em três categorias: longitudinalidade e continuidade do cuidado; relação de afetividade e confiança; garantia de acesso aos serviços de saúde, identificação das necessidades de saúde. Os enfermeiros entendem que o vínculo e o acolhimento, que perpassa a construção de afetividade e de confiança, favorecem a construção de um projeto terapêutico integral. Além disso, identificam que a prática em saúde amparada no vínculo e no acolhimento estão associados a uma maior valorização da profissão de enfermagem por parte da população. (AU)

The object of this study is the perception of nursing professionals about bonding and user embracement in Primary Health Care. The objective is to analyze the potentialities and limits of these tools to implement the principle of integrality in health care. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that analyzed 251 interviews carried out with nurses working in Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The interviews, guided by a semi-structured script, were recorded and transcribed. The data produced were processed and explored with the help of the MaxQda software. Most of the participants were women, white, lived in the same city where they worked, graduated from private institutions and had specialization in the area. The results were organized into three categories: longitudinality and continuity of care; relationship of affection and trust; guarantee of access to health services, identification of health needs. Nurses understand that bonding and user embracement, which permeates the construction of affection and trust, favors the construction of an integral therapeutic project. In addition, they identify that health practice based on bonding and user embracement are associated with a greater appreciation of the nursing profession by the population. (AU)

El objeto de este estudio es la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el vínculo y la acogida en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El objetivo es analizar las potencialidades y límites de estas herramientas para implementar el principio de integralidad en la atención a la salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo que analizó 251 entrevistas realizadas con enfermeros que actúan en Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo. Las entrevistas, guiadas por un guión semiestructurado, fueron grabadas y transcritas. Los datos producidos fueron procesados y explorados con la ayuda del software MaxQda. La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres, blancas, vivían en la misma ciudad donde trabajaban, egresadas de instituciones privadas y tenían especialización en el área. Los resultados se organizaron en tres categorías: longitudinalidad y continuidad de la atención; relación de afecto y confianza; garantía de acceso a los servicios de salud, identificación de necesidades de salud. Los enfermeros comprenden que el vínculo y la acogida, que permean la construcción de afecto y confianza, favorecen la construcción de un proyecto terapeutico integral. Además, identifican que las prácticas de salud basadas en el vínculo y la acogida están asociadas a una mayor valorización de la profesión de enfermería por parte de la población. (AU)

Sexual dysfunction, depression, and marital dissatisfaction among Brazilian couples.

BACKGROUND: Health professionals treating sexual dysfunction and relational dissatisfaction recognize that they are multifactorial phenomena, and depression can be bidirectionally associated with both. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples in relation to the quality of their marital relationship and depression symptoms. METHODS: The sample consisted of 100 heterosexual couples recruited in Brazil. Both partners of each couple completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital Satisfaction, which were translated and adapted, and the Beck Depression Inventory, which was validated for the Brazilian population. Both partners completed their questionnaires separately, and the couple's surveys were linked to preserve conjugal data for dyadic analysis. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to understand how sexual dysfunction in couples is related to depression and relationship quality among and between partners. RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction was found to be strongly associated with dissatisfaction in the relationship (husbands, ß = 0.57, P < 0.001; wives, ß = 0.60, P < 0.001), and a positive association was found between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction (husbands, ß = .32, P < .001; wives ß = .40, P < .001). CLINICAL IMPLICATION: The results suggest that it is important for health professionals to be aware of the dyadic impact of struggles with both sex and the relationship and the presence of depression symptoms in patients who seek care for sexual complaints or depression and who are in a marital relationship. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The different results found for men and women may shed light on the biopsychosocial dimensions of human sexuality. When treated as a purely physical experience, sex is myopic. In this study we demonstrated psychosocial aspects associated with gender and sexuality, and the partner's variables were found to have a greater impact on women than they did on the men. A limitation of this study is that the sample is not generalizable as it is not demographically representative of all socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Furthermore, the participants in this sample did not have clinical levels of depression, so the results cannot be extended to couples in which one or both spouses have depressive disorder. CONCLUSION: It was found that sexual dysfunction is strongly associated with the quality of the couple relationship, and that the quality of relationship plays a mediating role between depression and marital quality, especially for the women.

Mycobacterium szulgai Pulmonary Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Mycobacterium szulgai is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). It was first described in 1972 and is responsible for less than 0.2% of all NTM infections. The most common presentation resembles pulmonary tuberculosis, but it may also present as an extrapulmonary disease. It primarily affects individuals with underlying lung disease or immunocompromising conditions. The increasing use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, such as adalimumab, is associated with an increased risk of serious infections. We report a case of Mycobacterium szulgai infection in a 23-year-old woman with a history of childhood pneumonia and Crohn's disease on adalimumab.

Associação da espiritualidade, qualidade de vida e depressão em familiares de idosos com demências / Relación entre la espiritualidad, calidad de vida y depresión en familiares de adultos mayores con demencias / Association of spirituality, quality of life and depression in family members of older adults with dementia

Resumo Objetivo Associar a espiritualidade com a qualidade de vida e a depressão de cuidadores familiares e compreender a dinâmica familiar quando há um integrante com demência no domicílio. Métodos Estudo misto, com estratégia sequencial exploratória. Na etapa quantitativa, foram usados os instrumentos questionário sóciocontextual, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e World Health Organization Quality of Life - spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs. Na etapa qualitativa, 35 participantes responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. As duas etapas foram on-line na plataforma Google Forms e Meet. Resultados A amostra foi composta de 100 participantes, dos quais 83% eram do sexo feminino com idade entre 18 e 76 anos. Na correlação entre WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB e BDI os resultados evidenciaram que quanto menor o escore de depressão, maiores os escores de espiritualidade e qualidade de vida. Dos resultados das entrevistas emergiram três categorias: Reorganização familiar na promoção do cuidado à pessoa com demência; Espiritualidade e suas implicações no enfrentamento da demência; Espiritualidade e rede de apoio como fator de proteção à saúde do cuidador familiar. Conclusão A espiritualidade configurou-se como importante fator de enfrentamento para os cuidadores familiares de idosos com demência, bem como um fator redutor do risco de depressão e de melhora da qualidade de vida.

Resumen Objetivo Relacionar la espiritualidad con la calidad de vida y la depresión de cuidadores familiares y comprender la dinámica familiar cuando hay un integrante con demencia en el domicilio. Métodos Estudio mixto, con estrategia secuencial exploratoria. En la etapa cuantitativa, se usaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario socio-contextual, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF, Inventario de Depresión de Beck y World Health Organization Quality of Life - spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs. En la etapa cualitativa, 35 participantes respondieron a una entrevista semiestructurada. Las dos etapas fueron virtuales en la plataforma Google Forms y Meet. Resultados La muestra fue compuesta por 100 participantes, de los cuales el 83 % era de sexo femenino, de entre 18 y 76 años. En la correlación entre WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB y BDI, los resultados demostraron que cuanto menor era la puntuación de depresión, mayor era la puntuación de espiritualidad y calidad de vida. A partir de los resultados de las entrevistas, surgieron tres categorías: Reorganización familiar en la promoción del cuidado a personas con demencia, Espiritualidad y sus consecuencias en el afrontamiento a la demencia, Espiritualidad y red de apoyo como factor de protección de la salud del cuidador familiar. Conclusión La espiritualidad se configuró como un importante factor de afrontamiento para los cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con demencia, así como un factor reductor del riesgo de depresión y de mejora de la calidad de vida.

Abstract Objective To associate spirituality with the quality of life and depression of family caregivers and understand the family dynamics when there is a member with dementia at home. Methods Mixed method study with a sequential exploratory strategy. The following instruments were used in the quantitative phase: the socio-contextual questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF, Beck Depression Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life - spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs. In the qualitative phase, 35 participants responded to a semi-structured interview. The two phases were performed online by means of the Google Forms and Meet platform. Results The sample consisted of 100 participants, of which 83% were female aged between 18 and 76 years. In the correlation between WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB and BDI, the results showed that the lower the depression score, the higher the spirituality and quality of life scores. Three categories emerged from results of the interviews: Family reorganization in the care for the person with dementia; Spirituality and its implications for coping with dementia; Spirituality and support network as a health protection factor for the family caregiver. Conclusion Spirituality was as an important coping factor for family caregivers of older adults with dementia, and a factor that reduces the risk of depression and improves quality of life.

Cartilha para Conselheiros de Saúde: um diálogo sobre a organização e funcionamento dos Conselhos de Saúde / Booklet for Health Counselors: a dialogue on the organization and functioning of Health Councils

Esta cartilha é resultado de uma parceria entre o Conselho Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão e o projeto de pesquisa intitulado "Controle social no estado do Maranhão: perfil dos conselhos", financiado pelo Edital nº 07/2021 da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA), e o Projeto Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), cujo título é "Produção de recurso educativo para o fortalecimento de ações do controle social do estado do Maranhão", cuja coordenação e vice coordenação é feita pela Dra Judith Rafaelle Oliveira Pinho e Dra Paola Trindade Garcia, respectivamente. O objetivo dessa parceria é entregar um material didático com linguagem clara e objetiva acerca da organização e do funcionamento dos Conselhos de Saúde com base na Resolução N° 453 de 10 de maio de 2012. Portanto, este material é de acesso a todas as pessoas que tenham interesse em conhecer e compreender, de forma simplificada tal resolução, principalmente os conselheiros de saúde.

The Perceptions of Domestic Violence by a Family Member Who Uses Crack or Cocaine: A Secondary Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between crack/cocaine use and domestic violence perpetration from the perspective of substance users' families. A secondary retrospective cross-sectional study, with 3162 family members of crack/cocaine users seeking treatment in the Recomeço Família Programme in São Paulo/Brazil was undertaken. Family members of crack/cocaine users reported that their relatives were more involved in domestic violence such as stealing (money and objects) at home [Odds Ratio Adjusted ORA = 2.17 (CI 95% 1.87; 2.53)], the family gave money to the user to buy drugs [ORA = 1.27 (1.08; 1.48)], and having problems with the judiciary [ORA = 1.48 (CI 95% 1.28; 1.71)]. Relatives of snorted cocaine users reported that there was physical and interpersonal violence, such as fathers being assaulted [ORA = 2.50 (CI 95% 1.08; 5.82)], assaulted someone else [ORA = 1.86 (CI 95% 1.32; 2.60)], threats of violence fights, arguments when the family talk about problematic drug use [ORA = 1.50 (CI 95% 1.13; 1.96)] and threatened some family members [ORA = 1.52 (CI 95% 1.14; 2.04)]. In this sample, there was a connection between crack/cocaine use and the perpetuation of domestic violence, corroborating with important implications for public policies, substance use treatment and prevention of domestic violence interventions.

Acute Attack of Glaucoma after Scleral Melting and Iris Blockage of the Surgical Ostium: A Case Report of a Complication Derived from a Mitomycin C Supplemented Trabeculectomy.

Aim: To describe a case of an acute attack of glaucoma due to scleral melting in the area where a trabeculectomy was previously done. This condition resulted from the blockage of the surgical opening due to an iris prolapse in an eye that was previously supplemented with mitomycin C (MMC) during a filtering surgery and bleb needling revision. Case description: A 74-year-old Mexican female with a prior glaucoma diagnosis who assisted to an appointment presenting an acute ocular hypertensive crisis after several months of adequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Ocular hypertension had been regulated after undergoing a trabeculectomy and bleb needling revision; both supplemented with MMC. The severe IOP increase occurred due to uveal tissue blockage in the filtering site, related to melting of the sclera in the same area. The patient was successfully treated through the use of a scleral patch graft and the implantation of an Ahmed valve. Conclusion: An acute attack of glaucoma associated with scleromalacia after trabeculectomy and needling has not been previously reported and is currently attributed to MMC supplementation. Nevertheless, the use of a scleral patch graft and further glaucoma surgery seems to be an efficient way to treat this condition. Clinical significance: Even though this complication was appropriately managed with this patient, we want to prevent further cases like this through the judicious and careful use of MMC. How to cite this article: Paczka JA, Ponce-Horta AM, Tornero-Jimenez A. Acute Attack of Glaucoma after Scleral Melting and Iris Blockage of the Surgical Ostium: A Case Report of a Complication derived from a Mitomycin C Supplemented Trabeculectomy. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022;16(3):199-204.

Vulnerability and quality of life of older persons in the community in different situations of family care / Vulnerabilidad y calidad de vida de los mayores em la comunidade em diferentes situaciones de cuidado familiar / Vulnerabilidade e qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas em diferentes situações de atenção familiar

ABSTRACT Objective: to correlate socio-contextual aspects, physical vulnerability and quality of life of older persons in the community in different situations of family care. Methods: epidemiological, a cross-sectional and analytical study, with elderly people in the community (n=769), with application of the instruments: Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF); and socio-contextual data questionnaire. Results: the population assessed presented an average of regular quality of life in both the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD. Older non-vulnerable persons (62.2%) and those with close family contact (82.6%) have a better quality of life than the vulnerable (p<0.0001). Conclusion: lower quality of life scores and more distant families are related to vulnerable elderly people; thus, the assessment of family proximity and physical vulnerability of older persons is shown to be an important factor in improving quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: correlacionar aspectos socio-contextuales, vulnerabilidad física y calidad de vida de las personas mayores de la comunidad en diferentes situaciones de cuidado familiar. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, transversal y analítico, con personas mayores de la comunidad (n=769), con aplicación de los instrumentos: Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) y World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF); y cuestionario de datos socio-contextuales. Resultados: la población evaluada presentó un promedio de calidad de vida regular tanto en WHOQOL-BREF como en WHOQOL-OLD. Los ancianos no vulnerables (62,2%) y aquellos con contacto familiar cercano (82,6%) tienen una mejor calidad de vida que los vulnerables (p<0,0001). Conclusión: los puntajes de calidad de vida más bajos y las familias más distantes se relacionan con las personas mayores vulnerables; así, la evaluación de la proximidad familiar y la vulnerabilidad física del anciano se muestra como un factor importante en la mejora de la calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: correlacionar aspectos sociocontextuais, vulnerabilidade física e a qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas na comunidade em diferentes situações de atenção familiar. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, com pessoas idosas na comunidade (n=769), com aplicação dos instrumentos: Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) e o World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF); e questionário de dados sóciocontextual. Resultados: a população avaliada apresentou média de regular qualidade de vida tanto no WHOQOL-BREF quanto no WHOQOL-OLD. Pessoas idosas não vulneráveis (62,2%) e com contato familiar próximo (82,6%) apresentam melhor qualidade de vida do que os vulneráveis (p<0,0001). Conclusão: menores escores de qualidade de vida e famílias mais distantes estão relacionados a pessoas idosas vulneráveis; assim, a avaliação da proximidade familiar e vulnerabilidade física da pessoa idosa se mostra como um fator importante de melhora na qualidade de vida.

[Ocular manifestations associated to CD4+ in patients with human immunodeficiency virus]. / Manifestaciones oculares asociadas a CD4+ en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.

BACKGROUND: Since the first cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ocular manifestations secondary to infection have been known and these have been related to the CD4+ lymphocyte count. OBJECTIVE: To describe the correlation between ocular manifestations in patients with HIV and the CD4+ lymphocyte count. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study of patients with HIV whose CD4+ count was correlated with the presence of ophthalmological manifestations. RESULTS: 21 patients between 26 and 67 years were studied. Only 3 patients were not on antiretroviral therapy. 67% of the patients presented some type of ocular manifestation, 42% presented non-infection related manifestations, 47% related manifestations and 24% both. Conjunctival microangiopathy was the most frequent ocular manifestation (35.7%). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) between eye manifestations related to infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HIV frequently present ocular manifestations, the majority related to infection; there is a correlation between the presence of these with the CD4+ count. However, a similar number of manifestations not related to infection occurred without correlation with the count; therefore, HIV patients should have periodic ophthalmological examinations, independently of CD4+ count.

INTRODUCCIÓN: desde los primeros casos de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), se conocen manifestaciones oculares secundarias a la infección y estas se han relacionado con el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. OBJETIVO: describir la correlación entre las manifestaciones oculares en pacientes con VIH y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal analítico de pacientes con VIH, en quienes se analizó la correlación entre conteo de CD4+ y manifestaciones oftalmológicas. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 21 pacientes entre 26 y 67 años de edad. Solo tres no se encontraban en terapia antirretroviral. El 67% presentó algún tipo de manifestación ocular, 42% presentó manifestaciones no relacionadas con la infección, 47% manifestaciones relacionadas y 24% ambas. La microangiopatía de la conjuntiva fue la manifestación ocular más frecuente (35.7%). Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) entre las manifestaciones oculares relacionadas con la infección y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes con VIH presentan con frecuencia manifestaciones oculares, la mayoría asociadas a la infección. Existe correlación entre la presencia de estas con el conteo de CD4+; sin embargo, un número similar de manifestaciones no asociadas a la infección se presentaron sin correlación con el conteo, por lo que los pacientes con VIH deberían tener revisiones oftalmológicas periódicas, independientemente del conteo de CD4+.

Vulnerability and quality of life of older persons in the community in different situations of family care.

OBJECTIVE: to correlate socio-contextual aspects, physical vulnerability and quality of life of older persons in the community in different situations of family care. METHODS: epidemiological, a cross-sectional and analytical study, with elderly people in the community (n=769), with application of the instruments: Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF); and socio-contextual data questionnaire. RESULTS: the population assessed presented an average of regular quality of life in both the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD. Older non-vulnerable persons (62.2%) and those with close family contact (82.6%) have a better quality of life than the vulnerable (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: lower quality of life scores and more distant families are related to vulnerable elderly people; thus, the assessment of family proximity and physical vulnerability of older persons is shown to be an important factor in improving quality of life.

Prevention of vertical transmission in the "Syphilis No!" Project: a study on the specificities of the investigation committees/space in the North Region of Brazil / Prevenção da transmissão vertical no Projeto "Sífilis Não": um estudo sobre as especificidades dos comitês/espaços de investigação da Região Norte do Brasil

Introduction: Committees for investigation of vertical transmission (CIVTs) are strategic for the prevention of vertical transmission of syphilis (PVTS) and represent one of the fundamental actions of the project "Syphilis No!". This is mainly because of their role in the analysis of opportunities that were missed by the network of surveillance and care, and their potential to identify failures/difficulties in responding to syphilis and because they are configured as a space for recommending intervention to qualify the health service network. Objective: To describe and analyze a situation of CIVT/syphilis investigation spaces as strategic for PVTS from the implementation of the Syphilis No! project in priority municipalities in the North region of Brazil. Methods: Exploratory-descriptive study, with a qualitative case study approach. The data collection was carried out online, using the necessary questionnaires through the project at Plataforma LUES/FormLUES, from July 2019 to December 2020, and reports, minutes of meetings and reports of experiences, among other documents registered by project actors. Content analysis and bibliographic/documentary review were used. Results: The North region has eight priority municipalities for Syphilis No!, all with some CIVT strategy for syphilis. After the project implementation, five priority municipalities and three states in the region started to rely on CIVTs in their initial training for PVTS. Among the difficulties in the establishment and strengthening of CIVTs was the lack of human resources. Strategic actors and players in the North region pointed out advances/improvements in the service network since the committees' establishment, such as organization of the investigative space, an investigation by home visit/medical records, and expansion of the network. As for the missed opportunities in PVTS, we found a relationship between absences/failures in access to adequate prenatal care. Conclusion: CIVT strategies are important spaces in PVTS, and their maintenance as a prevention axis in the Syphilis No! project is essential for the reduction of congenital syphilis and, consequently, infant mortality.

Introdução: Os Comitês de Investigação da Transmissão Vertical (CITV) são estratégicos para a prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis e uma das ações fundamentais do projeto "Sífilis Não", principalmente pelo seu papel na análise de oportunidades que foram perdidas pela rede de vigilância e atenção, seu potencial de identificar falhas/dificuldades na resposta à sífilis e por se configurar como espaço de recomendação de medidas de intervenção para qualificar a rede de serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar a situação dos CITV/espaços de investigação da sífilis como estratégicos para prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis a partir da implementação do projeto "Sífilis Não" nos municípios prioritários da região Norte do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Coleta de dados realizada via on-line utilizando questionários aplicados pelo projeto na plataforma LUES/FormLUES de julho/2019 a dezembro/2020 e relatórios, atas de reuniões, relatos de experiências, entre outros documentos produzidos por atores do projeto. Utilizaram-se análise de conteúdo e revisão bibliográfica/documental. Resultados: A região Norte tem oito municípios prioritários para o projeto "Sífilis Não", todos com alguma estratégia de CITV para sífilis. A partir da implementação do projeto, cinco municípios prioritários e três estados da região passaram a contar com CITV em sua formação inicial para prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis. Entre as dificuldades para a instauração e fortalecimento dos CITV está a falta de recursos humanos. Atores estratégicos da região Norte apontaram avanços/ melhorias na rede de serviços a partir da instauração dos comitês, tais como: organização do espaço investigativo, investigação por visita domiciliar/ prontuário e ampliação da rede. Quanto às oportunidades perdidas na PTVS, verificou-se que há relação com ausências/falhas no acesso e assistência ao pré-natal. Conclusão: As estratégias de CITV são espaços relevantes para a prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis e a manutenção deles como eixo de prevenção no projeto "Sífilis Não" é fundamental para redução da sífilis congênita e consequentemente da mortalidade infantil.

Manifestaciones oculares asociadas a CD4+ en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana / Ocular manifestations associated to CD4+ in patients with human immunodeficiency virus

Introducción: desde los primeros casos de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), se conocen manifestaciones oculares secundarias a la infección y estas se han relacionado con el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. Objetivo: describir la correlación entre las manifestaciones oculares en pacientes con VIH y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico de pacientes con VIH, en quienes se analizó la correlación entre conteo de CD4+ y manifestaciones oftalmológicas. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 pacientes entre 26 y 67 años de edad. Solo tres no se encontraban en terapia antirretroviral. El 67% presentó algún tipo de manifestación ocular, 42% presentó manifestaciones no relacionadas con la infección, 47% manifestaciones relacionadas y 24% ambas. La microangiopatía de la conjuntiva fue la manifestación ocular más frecuente (35.7%). Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) entre las manifestaciones oculares relacionadas con la infección y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+. Conclusiones: los pacientes con VIH presentan con frecuencia manifestaciones oculares, la mayoría asociadas a la infección. Existe correlación entre la presencia de estas con el conteo de CD4+; sin embargo, un número similar de manifestaciones no asociadas a la infección se presentaron sin correlación con el conteo, por lo que los pacientes con VIH deberían tener revisiones oftalmológicas periódicas, independientemente del conteo de CD4+.

Background: Since the first cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ocular manifestations secondary to infection have been known and these have been related to the CD4+ lymphocyte count. Objective: To describe the correlation between ocular manifestations in patients with HIV and the CD4+ lymphocyte count. Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of patients with HIV whose CD4+ count was correlated with the presence of ophthalmological manifestations. Results: 21 patients between 26 and 67 years were studied. Only 3 patients were not on antiretroviral therapy. 67% of the patients presented some type of ocular manifestation, 42% presented non-infection related manifestations, 47% related manifestations and 24% both. Conjunctival microangiopathy was the most frequent ocular manifestation (35.7%). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) between eye manifestations related to infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count. Conclusions: Patients with HIV frequently present ocular manifestations, the majority related to infection; there is a correlation between the presence of these with the CD4+ count. However, a similar number of manifestations not related to infection occurred without correlation with the count; therefore, HIV patients should have periodic ophthalmological examinations, independently of CD4+ count.

Family members seeking compulsory hospitalization for drug-using members: profile, expectations and needs.

OBJECTIVE: to outline the profile and understand the expectations and needs of family members who seek compulsory hospitalization for drug-using members. METHOD: Mixed research; data collected involving 101 medical records and semi-structured interviews with 26 family members. SPSS software and content analysis was used. RESULTS: The sample was characterized predominantly by women. Most users had other treatment modalities. Significant associations were observed between the request for hospitalization, the presence of aggressiveness, and other behaviors typical of harmful drug use for requesting compulsory hospitalization. The categories were: The difficult coexistence with the user; the journey of family members to "bring the user back to life"; Expectations and needs regarding compulsory hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The study provided a broader view of the complexity and inter-subjectivities of family systems in the face of the drug cycle, promoting discussions and strategies for multidisciplinary services in the comprehensive care of these families.

Mindfulness-Based Versus Story Reading Intervention in Public Elementary Schools: Effects on Executive Functions and Emotional Health.

INTRODUCTION: In this study we compared the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) with a story reading intervention (SI) on the executive functions and psychological profile of children in two different public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: In this controlled clinical trial, 207 children aged 8 to 9 years old responded to the Five-Digit Test (FDT), stress levels, depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, at baseline (T0) and 8 weeks later (T1). From T0 to T1, school 1 participated in MBI classes and school 2 in IS classes. RESULTS: In school 1 (MBI), children improved their scores on all tests except reading (errors) and counting (errors) compared with school 2. No differences were observed between groups in terms of emotional health. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to implement MBI or SI in Brazilian public schools. Students in the MBI group presented broader effects in executive functions, while students in the SI group showed a trend toward reduced negative affect and depression symptoms.

[Guideline for the Treatment and Prevention of Infections Associated with Immunosuppressive Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases]. / Protocolo de Prevenção e Tratamento de Infeções Associadas à Terapêutica Imunossupressora de Doenças Autoimunes.

We propose a guideline about the risk, prevention and treatment of infection in the patient under immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy in the context of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease. It is divided into three sections: drugs and associated risk of infection; immunizations; risk, prevention, and treatment of specific infections. The treatment of autoimmune diseases involves the use of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapies, with an increasing number of new drugs being used. It is associated with an increased risk of infection, which may be present globally or only for specific agents, varying widely depending on the pharmacological class and even within the same class. The prevention strategy and clinical management need to be individually tailored and there are several key factors: characterization of the disease that prompts the immunosuppression, understanding of the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive drug, knowledge of previous infections, recognition of risk factors, laboratory test results, vaccine administration, monitoring of clinical signs and symptoms and patient education.

O presente protocolo aborda o risco, prevenção e tratamento da infeção no doente sob terapêutica imunomoduladora ou imunossupressoraem contexto de doença autoimune ou autoinflamatória. Subdivide-se nas seguintes secções: fármacos e risco associado de infeção; imunizações; risco, prevenção e tratamento de infeções específicas. Com um número crescente de novos fármacos em utilização nos últimos anos, o tratamento de doenças autoimunes envolve a utilização de terapêuticas imunossupressoras ou imunomoduladoras e associa-se a aumento do risco de infeção, que pode estar presente de uma forma global ou apenas para infeções por agentes específicos, variando amplamente consoante a classe farmacológica e mesmo dentro desta. Na estruturação da estratégia preventiva são fundamentais a caracterização da patologia que motiva a imunossupressão, a compreensão do mecanismo de ação do imunossupressor, a aferição de infeções prévias, o reconhecimento de fatores de risco, a realização de rastreios laboratoriais, a administração de vacinas, a educação do doente e a monitorização de sintomas e sinais clínicos, na dependência de uma gestão clínica necessariamente individualizada.